เมื่อสิ้นสุดบทเรียนนี้ คุณจะสามารถ:
- Explain how to plan deep dives
- Calculate your surface air consumption rate
Planning is a pivotal aspect of deep diving, where meticulous preparation and knowledge are key to a safe and successful dive. In this section, we’ll explore the essentials of deep dive planning, focusing on critical aspects such as gas management.
How to Plan Deep Dives
Objective Setting
Define the purpose of your dive (e.g., exploration, photography, wreck diving). This will guide the specifics of your plan, including depth, duration, and special equipment needs.
Depth and Time Management
Plan your maximum depth and bottom time. Adhere to limits based on your certification level, experience, and comfort. Use a dive computer to determine safe ascent profiles and necessary no-decompression dive limits.
Gas Management
Calculating Air Consumption: Calculate your Surface Air Consumption (SAC) rate to estimate your needed gas. Consider factors like depth, exertion level, and water temperature.
Gas Reserve Planning: Always plan to surface with a reserve, often a third of your starting gas supply.
Dive Team Coordination
Coordinate with your dive team. Ensure everyone understands the plan, including depth, time, and emergency procedures.
Equipment Check
Ensure all equipment is suited for deep diving and in good working condition. This includes redundancy systems like a backup regulator and an alternate air source.
Calculating your Surface Air Consumption (SAC) rate
Calculating your Surface Air Consumption (SAC) rate is an essential skill for any diver, especially when planning for deep dives. The SAC rate measures your air consumption at the surface, which can be used to estimate how much air you’ll use during a dive at depth. Here’s how to calculate it:
Now that you know the steps to calculate your SAC, let’s work through an example:
- Air Used: 200 bar – 150 bar = 50 bar
- Total Air Used in Litres: 50 bar × 12 litres = 600 litres
- Absolute Pressure at 20 meters: 2 bar (for the depth) + 1 bar (atmospheric pressure) = 3 bar
- SAC Rate: 600 litres ÷ 40 minutes ÷ 3 bar = 5 litres per minute
This means your SAC rate is 5 litres per minute at surface pressure. Knowing this rate helps you estimate how much air you’ll need for a dive at a given depth, which is crucial for deep dive planning and gas management.
Using Your SAC Rate
To use your Surface Air Consumption (SAC) rate for planning a dive at a different depth, like 30 meters, you’ll follow a series of steps to adjust the rate for the increased pressure at the new depth. Here’s how to do it:
Calculating the amount of gas you will use at depth ensures you have sufficient gas for the dive and enough reserve in case of emergencies.
Example Calculation
Suppose your SAC rate is 5 litres per minute at surface pressure. You’re planning a dive to 30 meters. Here’s how you apply the steps:
- Absolute Pressure at 30 Metres: At 30 meters depth in saltwater: 3 bar (from water pressure) + 1 bar (atmospheric pressure) = 4 bar.
- Adjust SAC Rate for 30 Metres: Your adjusted SAC rate at 30 meters: 5 litres per minute (surface SAC rate) × 4 bar (absolute pressure) = 20 litres per minute.
- Estimate Total Air Consumption: If you plan to be at 30 meters for 20 minutes, 20 litres per minute × 20 minutes = 400 litres.
- Account for Ascent and Safety Stops: Estimate additional air needed for ascent and safety stops. If, say, you’ll spend 5 minutes ascending and at safety stops where the average pressure is 2 bar: 5 litres per minute (surface SAC rate) × 2 bar × 5 minutes = 50 litres.
This example shows how you can use your SAC rate to plan for air consumption on a dive at 30 meters, ensuring you have enough air for the entire dive, including reserves for safety.
How many litres of gas are in your tank?
To calculate the total amount of gas tank filled, multiply the tank volume by the pressure in bar.
For example, to calculate the total amount of gas in a 12-litre tank filled to 200 bar, you multiply the tank volume by the pressure. In this case, the tank volume is 12 litres, and the pressure is 200 bar. The formula is:
Total Gas Volume = Tank Volume x Pressure
So for your tank:
Total Gas Volume = 12 litres x 200 bar = 2400 litres
A 12-litre tank filled to 200 bar contains 2400 litres of gas. This is calculated by multiplying the tank volume (12 litres) by the pressure (200 bar).
So a 12-litre tank would be sufficient for our requirements of 450 litres of gas for the dive and would provide plenty of backup gas.